我的聲明

我的聲明:

這blog原是用來紀錄我收集各樣債券的資料和知識,方便自己学習。非我原創性的文章,都会儘量標明出處或作者。Blog內紀錄的債券不代表我擁有或建議任何人投資。每個人都要為自已的投資決定負責任。

我主要投資直債或Reits。歡迎大家一同交流,互相鼓勵。如果你有好的債券分析,也歡迎email給我放上來,公諸同好!

我也有另外一個網誌"Reits World 我的房託世界"是關於投資REITS的,歡迎瀏覽。http://reitsworld.blogspot.hk

2016年3月24日星期四

* Bank of East Asia 5.5% 12/2/49 Pert AT1 Bond


Reference CodeXS1326527246
ISINXS1326527246
IssuerBank of East Asia Ltd
Guarantor-
Issue/ Reoffer Price100.000
Announcement Date25-Nov-2015
Issue Date02-Dec-2015
Maturity Date02-Dec-2049
Years to Maturity (Approximate)33.713
CurrencyUSD
Annual Coupon FrequencySemi Annually
Coupon TypeVariable
Annual Coupon Rate (% p.a.)5.500
Reference RateReset Rate= US Treasury + Spread (3.834%)
Reset Date = 02Dec2020 & every 5 yr thereafter
CUSIPQJ9359762
Bond TypeHigh Yield Corporate
Bond SectorFinancials
Bond Sub SectorBanks
Minimum Investment Quantity (Nominal)USD 150,000
Incremental Quantity (Nominal)USD 1,000
Bond Credit Rating (Moody's / S&P / Fitch)Ba2/ BB/ N.R
Issuer Credit Rating (Moody's / S&P / Fitch)A3/ A/ N.R
SenioritySubordinated
Exchange ListedHKEX
Modified Duration3.966
Issue SizeUSD 650,000,000
Callable:
The Issuer may, having given: (i) not less than 15 nor more than 45 days’ notice to the Securityholders in accordance with Condition 11; and (ii) not less than 15 days before the giving of the notice referred to in (i) above, notice to the Trustee and the Issuing and Paying Agent and the Registrar; (which notices shall be irrevocable and shall specify the date fixed for redemption), redeem all but not some only of the Capital Securities then outstanding on the First Call Date or any Distribution Payment Date thereafter, at the their outstanding principal amount together (if appropriate) with Distributions accrued to (but excluding) the date of redemption, subject to adjustment following the occurrence of a Non-Viability Event in accordance with Condition 4(C).

First Call Date = 2 December 2020

Conditions for Redemption:
Notwithstanding any other provision in these Conditions, the Issuer shall not redeem any of the Capital Securities (other than pursuant to Condition 9) and neither the Issuer nor any of its Subsidiaries shall purchase any of the Capital Securities unless the prior written consent of the Monetary Authority thereto shall have been obtained, to the extent such consent is required under the Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155) of Hong Kong, Banking (Capital) Rules (Cap. 155L) of Hong Kong, or any successor legislation or regulations made thereunder, or any statutory guidelines issued by the Monetary Authority in relation thereto.
Deferral of Interest Payment:
Non-Cumulative Distribution 
Distributions will not be cumulative and Distributions which are not paid in accordance with these Conditions will not accumulate or compound and Securityholders will have no right to receive such Distributions at any time, even if subsequent Distributions are paid in the future, or be entitled to any claim in respect thereof against the Issuer.

Optional Distribution Cancellation Event

Unless a Distribution has already been cancelled in full pursuant to a Mandatory Distribution Cancellation Event, prior to any Distribution Payment Date the Issuer may, at its sole discretion, elect to cancel any payment of a Distribution, in whole or in part,

Mandatory Distribution Cancellation Event

Notwithstanding that a Distribution Cancellation Notice may not have been given, the Issuer shall not be obliged to pay, and shall not pay, any Distribution on the applicable Distribution Payment Date, in whole or in part, as applicable, if and to the extent that:
  • the Distribution scheduled to be paid together with any dividends, distributions or other payments scheduled to be paid or made during the Issuer’s then current fiscal year on any Parity Obligations or any instruments which rank or are expressed to rank pari passu with any Parity Obligations shall exceed Distributable Reserves as at such Distribution Determination Date; or
  • the Monetary Authority directs the Issuer to cancel such Distribution (in whole or in part) or applicable Hong Kong banking regulations or other requirements of the Monetary Authority prevent the payment in full of dividends or other distributions when due on Parity Obligations

Dividend Stopper 

If, on any Distribution Payment Date, payment of Distribution scheduled to be paid is not made in full by reason of this Condition 4(B), the Issuer shall not:
  • declare or pay in cash any distribution or dividend or make any other payment in cash on, and will procure that no distribution or dividend in cash or other payment in cash is made on, any Shares; or
  • purchase, cancel or otherwise acquire any Shares or permit any of its Subsidiaries to do so,
Loss Absorption:
If a Non-Viability Event occurs and is continuing, the Issuer shall, upon the provision of a Non-Viability Event Notice, irrevocably (without the need for the consent of the Security holders of the Capital Securities) reduce the then principal amount of, and cancel any accrued but unpaid Distribution in respect of, each Capital Security (in each case in whole or in part) by an amount equal to the Non-Viability Event Write-off Amount per Capital Security (such reduction and cancellation, and the reduction and cancellation or conversion of any other Subordinated Capital Instruments so reduced and cancelled or converted upon the occurrence of a Non-Viability Event, where applicable, being referred to herein as the "Write-off", and "Written-off" shall be construed accordingly).

"Non-Viability Event" means the earlier of:
 1) the Monetary Authority notifying the Issuer in writing that the Monetary Authority is of the opinion that a Write-off or conversion is necessary, without which the Issuer would become non-viable; and 2)the Monetary Authority notifying the Issuer in writing that a decision has been made by the government body, a government officer or other relevant regulatory body with the authority to make such a decision, that a public sector injection of capital or equivalent support is necessary, without which the Issuer would become non-viable.

溫馨提示:CoCo bond是風險甚高的投資。雖然發行人都是大到不能倒的金融機構,但債券本身性質是轉移金融機構面對嚴峻危機衝擊時的風險。所以價格可以非常波動,甚至損失大部份或全部本金。雖然機率低,卻不表示沒有機會。所以要非常了解CoCo bond的機制和自己的承受能力才可以踫,不適宜重倉或高槓干操作。

Rating Action: 

Moody's assigns Ba2(hyb) to Bank of East Asia's point of non-viability perpetual AT1 capital securities

  The document has been translated in other languages

Global Credit Research - 12 Nov 2015

Hong Kong, November 12, 2015 -- Moody's Investors Service has assigned a Ba2(hyb) rating to Bank of East Asia, Limited's (A2 negative) proposed USD-denominated, perpetual, non-cumulative and subordinated Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital securities.
The AT1 capital securities will be a drawdown from the bank's existing USD Medium Term Note (MTN) programme. The terms and conditions of the capital securities incorporate Basel III-compliant non-viability language in accordance with Hong Kong capital rules, and will qualify as regulatory AT1 capital.
The rating is subject to the receipt of final documentation, the terms and conditions of which are not expected to change in any material way from the draft documents that Moody's has reviewed.
RATINGS RATIONALE
The Ba2(hyb) rating is positioned three notches below the bank's baseline credit assessment (BCA) and Adjusted BCA of baa2; in accordance with Moody's standard notching guidance for preferred securities with loss triggered at the point of non-viability on a contractual basis.
The three-notch difference from the Adjusted BCA reflects the probability of impairment associated with non-cumulative coupon suspension, as well as the likelihood of high loss severity when the bank reaches the point of non-viability.
Under the terms and conditions, the principal and any accrued but unpaid distribution on these capital securities would be written down, partially or in full, in the event that the Hong Kong Monetary Authority notifies the bank that without such write-off, the bank would become non-viable, or if the relevant government body, government officer or regulatory body decides to make a public sector injection of capital without which the bank would become non-viable. The amount of write-off has to be sufficient to ensure that the non-viability event ceases to continue.
In addition, to be classified as AT1 capital, Bank of East Asia, as a going concern, may choose not to pay distributions on a non-cumulative basis. As such, the distributions on these capital securities are fully discretionary. However, a common share dividend stopper applies, if a distribution is missed.
These securities are senior to common shareholders, but junior to all depositors, general creditors, senior debt and subordinated debt holders.
The bank's standalone credit assessment takes into account its sound liquidity profile and capitalization. Bank of East Asia's large and growing Mainland exposures weigh negatively on its credit profile.
The bank's long-term deposit ratings of A2 incorporate three notches of systemic support.
Its ratings carry a negative outlook, reflecting Moody's concerns that the Hong Kong government's (Aa1 stable) intention to limit the use of public funds in the resolution of distressed financial institutions — as indicated in the government's consultation paper for revising the bank resolution regime — will lead to a lower likelihood of support for Bank of East Asia.
Bank of East Asia's ratings are as follows:
- Long-term/short-term deposits ratings: A2/P-1
- Senior unsecured debt: A2
- Senior unsecured MTN programme rating: (P)A2
- Legacy subordinated debt: Baa3(hyb)
- PONV subordinated debt: Ba1(hyb)
- Subordinated MTN programme rating: (P)Ba1
- Senior unsecured commercial paper: P-1
- Counterparty Risk Assessment: A1(cr)/P-1(cr)
- Baseline credit assessment: baa2
- Adjusted baseline credit assessment: baa2
The outlook on the bank's deposit and senior unsecured ratings is negative.
What could change the ratings up/down
The rating of this capital securities could be upgraded if Bank of East Asia's BCA is adjusted upwards. If the bank can maintain good asset quality and effective risk controls — against the backdrop of the current challenging credit environment in China — and maintain consistent strong capitalization levels following its share placement with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (A1 stable), its standalone assessment may be upgraded.
Conversely, downward pressure on the rating of this instrument could materialize if Bank of East Asia's BCA were adjusted downwards.
The bank's BCA may be adjusted downwards if strong loan and asset growth outpace capital generation, leading to a tangible common equity/risk weighted assets ratio below 10.5%.
Further material increases in Mainland exposures, or a worse than expected economic slowdown in Hong Kong and China may also trigger a review for downgrade.
A significant deterioration in the bank's asset quality metrics, with impaired loans exceeding 1.5%, may also trigger a review for a downward adjustment.
The principal methodology used in this rating was Banks published in March 2015. Please see the Credit Policy page on www.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
Bank of East Asia, Limited, headquartered in Hong Kong, held total assets of HKD816 billion at 30 June 2015.

2016年3月22日星期二

* 碧桂園 7.5% 3/9/2020






Bond Information


ISINXS1164776020
IssuerCountry Garden Holdings Co Ltd
Guarantor Subsidiaries With Restrictions
Issue/ Reoffer Price100.000
Announcement Date26-Feb-2015
Issue Date09-Mar-2015
Maturity Date09-Mar-2020
Years to Maturity 3.965
CurrencyUSD
Annual Coupon FrequencySemi Annually
Coupon TypeFixed
Annual Coupon Rate (% p.a.) 7.500





Bond Credit Rating (Moody's / S&P / Fitch)Ba1/ BB/ BB+
Issuer Credit Rating (Moody's / S&P / Fitch)Ba1/ BB/ BB+
SenioritySenior Secured
Exchange ListedSGX
Modified Duration3.4
Issue SizeUSD 900,000,000

2016年3月21日星期一

額外一級資本債(AT1)與次級資本債(Tier 2 Capital)的分別?

溫馨提示:CoCo bond是風險甚高的投資。雖然發行人都是大到不能倒的金融機構,但債券本身性質是轉移金融機構面對嚴峻危機衝擊時的風險。所以價格可以非常波動,甚至損失大部份或全部本金。雖然機率低,卻不表示沒有機會。所以要非常了解CoCo bond的機制和自己的承受能力才可以踫,不適宜重倉或高槓干操作。

於農曆新年期間,市場傳出歐洲部分銀行可能無法支付即將到期的應急可轉債(CoCos Bonds)利息,令公眾重新認識這類產品的條款。根據《巴塞爾協定三》(Basel III)的規定,由銀行發行的次級永續債若然符合相關規定的情況下,將符合作為「額外一級資本」(Additional Tier 1 Capital)而發行。事隔一個月,相信大部份投資者都已經明白應急可轉債(為額外一級資本)有無需支付利息並且不會違約的風險,並有損失本金及被逼換股的可能性。其實根據《巴塞爾協定三》的條款,組成銀行資本比率的還有另外兩個級別的資本:「次級資本」(Tier 2 Capital)普通股權核心一級資本(Core Equity Tier 1)那麼由銀行發行的次級資本債券及額外一級資本債券到底有何分別呢?我們根據《巴塞爾協定三》對這兩個類別的應急資本(Contingent Capital)所設立的<b>最低要求,列出下列幾項我們認為投資者必須要知道關於額外一級資本及次級資本的特點。


1. 對債券發行人資產的優先權

若然債券發行人清盤,相比起額外一級資本債,次級資本債對發行人的資產有較優先的追溯權,所以經變賣資產所得的資金必須優先償還次級資本的持有人,之後才到額外一級資本的持有人。整體優先權而言,銀行清盤會優先償付存款戶,之後為一般的優先債權人,其後為次級資本證券持有人,再次一級的是額外一級資本證券持有人,最後為普通股權核心一級資本證券持有人。

2. 債券年期

額外一級資本債(AT1)必須為永續債,而次級資本債(T2)的發行年期最少為五年。另外,次級資本債無發行人提高票面息率的選擇權或任何其他債券特點令發行人行使贖回權,不過兩者均可於發行後五年行使贖回權。

3. 利息派發

發行人有全權自由決定,取消派發額外一級資本債的到期利息,並且無需於未來支付任何曾經取消派發的利息,而次級資本債則未必一定有此規定。因為額外一級資本的規定列明,其利息必須由可派發的來源所支付,而當中構成這絕大部分的資金來源乃來自於銀行該個財政年度的盈利,並減去過去虧損,所以一旦銀行該個財政年度錄得盈虧,市場將會預期額外一級資本債有可能無法支付到期利息。早前歐洲銀行的應急可轉債恐慌亦源由於此,所以大部分的應急可轉債價格均有明顯下行,盈虧愈嚴重,代表未來將會取消派發利息的次數亦有可能愈多,因為銀行可能需要數年時間回復其盈利能力並抵消一次高額的盈虧。

整體而言,銀行以額外一級資本或次級資本形式所發行的債券的收益率,相對一些同一信貸評級發行人的優先無擔保債券(Senior Unsecured)會較高,因為這些以應急資本形式發行的債項旨在保障銀行的流動性,所以當銀行陷入財困時,這類額外一級資本及次級資本債項會有發行人註銷本金金額的權利,投資者變相擁有的保障就較少,符合回報與風險成正比的投資原則。不過需要留意並非所有由銀行發行的次級債券均為額外一級資本或次級資本,例如STANLN 5.125% 06Jun2034 Corp (GBP)只為一般企業債券,並無任何發行人註銷本金或取消派發利息的選擇權。(Source: Bond@fundsupermart)

2016年3月20日星期日

* SMC Global Power 7.5 % ,6.75% Pert


 SMC Global Power is Philippine's largest independent power company by installed capacity, supplying 22 percent of the Luzon grid and 17 percent of the national grid.
Conglomerate San Miguel Corp wholly owns the company.

The 6.75% bonds will step up by 250bp if not called on 2/21/2021 ,reset Rate = T5 + Initial Spread (5.169%) + Step-Up Margin (2.5%),and by a further 250bp if there is a change of control. Dividends can be deferred, but are cumulative.

The 7.5% bond will reset to UST 5yrs+8.375% if not called in 11/2019

SMC Global Power 6.75%pert 簡介

SMC Global 6.75% bond feature & price quote Link

In a relatively short period, San Miguel has built a vertically integrated power company with a full spectrum of power businesses comprising of IPPA contracts through holding company SMC Global Power Holdings. Being a vertically integrated power company gives SMC the opportunity to compete and maximize value in key segments of the value chain by driving and capitalizing on synergies among fuel sourcing, power generation and power distribution.

flood the Pangasinan plains, and improvement of water quality of the Agno River which, otherwise, would pollute the downstream rivers. On December 15, 2009, SPDC (San Roque) successfully bid for the appointment to be the IPPA for the San Roque Power Plant and received a notice of award on December 28, 2009. SPDC (San Roque) assumed administration of the San Roque Power Plant on January 26, 2010 in accordance with an IPPA agreement with PSALM.





Greenfield Power Plant





Designed to initially produce up to 900 megawatts of electricity using the most modern combustion technologies that meet international environment standards, our new power plants in alita, Davao and Limay, Bataan, will help bring about security in power supply.

2016年2月13日星期六

* 麗新LASUDE 5.7 1/18/2018


ISSUERBOND YTWYTM PriceDur穆迪SPFinnSpecial FeatureUpdated
Lai Sun int'n FinanceLASUDE 5.7 1/18/184.84%101.51.74NANANA3/9/2016

麗新債價參考連結

麗新事件簿

* 香港航空 HONAIR 6.9 1/20/2019



香港航空官方網頁

HONAIR 6.9% 1/20/2019 offer circular

最新債價參考bondsupermart

ISSUERBOND YTWYTM PriceDur穆迪SPFinnSpecial FeatureUpdated
香港航空HONAIR 6.9 1/20/196.71%100.52.6NANANo2/11/16

發行人背景及營運概況
香港航空是一家提供全方位服務的航空公司,總部設於香港而業務主要集中於國內市場。據一份於2014年由獨立第三方發表的報告指,香港航空在香港錄得第二多的每週客機離境量,佔市場份額約8.3%。香港航空於2010年至2014年間為增長最快的香港航空企業。當中香港至國內的航線市場份額由2012的10.5%增加至2014年的19.9%。年度營業額由2012年的62.5億港元(下同)增加至97億,純利由2012年的2.75億增加至4.1億。債務狀況方面,截至2014年12月31日,香港航空的總負債為185億,流動負債為61.9億,利息支出為6.8億,從數據可以留意到,香港航空雖然營運時間較短(於2001年開始營運),但其融資渠道十分成熟,債務結構其實不俗,香港航空只有約三成的負債為流動負債,所以債務對企業的資金流需求亦較少。

2016年航空業展望

於2016年,航空業整體將受惠於低油價,而油價預期將維持一段低水平直至一眾產油國願意減產,而目前伊朗重回國際油市,原油出口量暫時未見任何減產的跡象,航空企業未來一段日子將會以較低的營運成本經營業務。雖然中國經濟放緩,但2015年航空業的增長比整體經濟增長更高。據標準普爾的2016年市場研究報告指,航空業受惠於個人收入上升、全球化及低成本競爭等因素,雖然利潤較高的商務客運及運輸業務受金融及製造業影響,但2015年航空業的表現增長依然比整體經濟增長高。期望於2016年航空業的增長將會與2015年的增長持平。
行業的潛在風險
儘管航空業預期將維持2015年的增長幅度,但航空業本身的投資風險亦較高,由於抵押客貨機的價值甚高,如此低成本競爭的環境有可能令航空業發展急速,如果加上突發性的經濟因素,有可能會令行業出現供過於求的情況,不過目前就經濟基本面而言未見出現供過於求。另外,全球的恐怖襲擊數字有上升趨勢,有可能影響市民外遊的意欲。不過恐襲主要集中在歐美及中東地區,亞洲似乎暫未成為受恐襲影響的地區,集中於香港至國內業務的香港航空未必受恐襲影響其營業額。
香港航空事件簿

3/9/2016

香港航空斥資18億元建飛行培訓中心

經濟通通訊社9日專訊》香港航空斥資18億元,在機場興建飛行培訓中心,預計將於2
018年落成,提供航空相關的多種專業培訓設施。
  該培訓中心工地面積約5858平方米,樓高11層,設總樓面面積不少於22907平方
米的大樓,當中包括飛行訓練大樓及行政大樓。建築及硬件配備均是按照國際飛行訓練中心標準
而設計。
  香港航空首席營運官王證皓表示,培訓中心落成後,主要為機組人員及現職機師提供培訓。
港航長遠計劃提供見習機師訓練,培養本地機師,但需時向相關航空監管機構申請。

2016年2月12日星期五

* RELIANCE COMMUNICATION 6.5 11/6/2020


















                                                                                                                
RELIANCE COMMUNICATION ( Reliance Communication Website)


ISSUERBOND YTWYTM PriceDurMoodySPFinnSpecial FeatureUpdated
Reliance Communication6.5 11/6/206.00%1024Ba3BB-No2/13/16





The company is 58% owned by the Reliance Group's subsidiaries.

Special Features           :           None
Structure                       :           Senior Secured 5.5yr
Rating             :           Ba3 (Moody’s)/BB- (Fitch)
Yield guidance              :           6.5%

Profile of Reliance Communication ( RCOMIN )
·         RCOMIN is Indian telco that provides mobile services, broadband, 
and undersea cable business.
·         4th largest integrated mobile operator in India
·         80% of revenue from India, 20% outside of India.
·         RCOMIN is 58% owned by Reliance Group related companies.

India wireless Industry
·         2nd largest wireless market after China.
·         High growth rate over the last 5 year ( compounded annual growth rate of 21% )
·         Relatively low penetration rate of 71% ( versus China at 89% ).

Bonds are secured by:
·         Plant and machinery including tower assets and optic fiber cables.
·         Telecom licenses.
·         Pledge over shares of its interest in unlisted RCIL and RTL.

Strength and weakness according to the prospectus and rating company:

Strength
 Indian wireless market is a high growth market.
 Fall in oil price is positive for Indian telcos, which spend close to 4.5% of their mobile 
      revenues on diesel in order to keep their base stations running in the face of acute power scarcity.
 Management has commited to deleverage in the next 2 years.
 They are in the process of looking to sell GCX.

Weakness
·         Uncertain regulatory environment.
·         Forex risk due to substantial amount of USD debt.
·         Higher leverage than peers such as Bharti Airtel and Idea Cellular.

Comparables : Indian High Yield Bonds
GCX LTD ( Global Cloud Exchange ) 7%  8/1/2019
B2 ,YTW=6.24%  (callable on 8/1/16@105) ,now@102.79
GCX currently operates five subsea cable networks. Currently wholly owned by Reliance Communications, 
but is in talks to sell 50% to a strategic investor ( possibly Citic Telecom )
Delhi Airport 6.125% 2/3/2022 
Ba1, BB YTW=5.11% now@105.75
Delhi Airport is the largest and busiest airport in India.
 Ownership : GMR 54%, Airport Authority India 26%, Malaysia Airport 10%, Fraport 10%. 

Comments from Bondsupermart 2/15/16

Indian offshore bond market
The Indian offshore bond market is a fairly concise segment, with approximately 118 outstanding USD-denominated bonds issued by Indian corporates, representing around USD45 billion worth of bond principal (at the time of writing). Amongst these, just 89 constitute bond issues of USD100m or more, while 63 issues representing USD41 billion are included in the popular JPM Asia Credit Core index – this brings India's representation within the index to around 11.3% (as of 4 February 2016), ranking it behind South Korea, China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Hong Kong.
Within the concise universe of the more liquid India offshore bonds, yields currently span between 2.3% and 32.4% (distressed yields in the case of more troubled issuers like Rolta, Vedanta Resources and JSW Steel), offering investors a wide selection of bonds catering to different risk-reward profiles. For investors seeking stronger yields in the India bond market, Reliance Communications' RCOMIN 6.500% 06Nov2020 Corp (USD) may be an interesting option. Reliance Communications Ltd is a leading India-based telecommunication firm – the company is listed on the National Stock Exchange of India, and currently sports a market capitalisation of around USD2.1 billion (as of 5 February 2016).  
In this article, we suggest three reasons why investors should take a closer look at Reliance Communications' RCOMIN 6.500% 06Nov2020 Corp (USD).

1. One of the highest-yielding India offshore bonds

While yields in the India offshore bond market (within our defined liquid universe of India offshore bonds) span between 2.3% and 32.4% (as of 5 Feb 16), the median yield is a mere 3.8%, a function of the large number of investment-grade paper in the segment. Some of the largest names (by bond principal size) in the segment include investment-grade (land ower-yielding) credit from Bharti Airtel, Reliance Holdings as well as ICICI Bank, weighing down on yields for the overall segment. Outside of the more troubled spectre of the Indian bond market (for the likes of Rolta, Vedanta Resources and JSW Steel), Reliance Communications' RCOMIN 6.500% 06Nov2020 Corp (USD) are amongst the highest-yielding bonds in the market – the bonds are currently quoted at around 102.25 (ask), representing a decent yield-to-maturity of 5.94%. This higher yield is also a function of the non-investment grade rating for the bonds, which are rated Ba3 and BB- by Moody's and Fitch Ratings respectively.

2. Strong shareholders

Reliance Communication Ltd is part of the larger Reliance Group (the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group), which consists of Reliance Capital, Reliance Communications, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Entertainment and Reliance Power. The Reliance Group was formed in 2005 following the split of the larger Reliance entity into Reliance Industries (focusing on oil refining) and the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group of companies (focusing on telecommunications, power, entertainment and financial services). As of 31 December 2015, 58.85% of the company was owned by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani and his associated companies, which are also the company's promoters/controlling shareholders.

3. Resilient business


Unlike its non-investment grade peers in the India bond market (Vedanta Resources, JSW Steel, Tata Steel) which are in the more volatile resources-related sector, Reliance Communication operates in the more defensive telecommunication services business, and is one of the leading integrated private sector communication service providers in India; the firm counts companies like Bharti Airtel, Idea Cellular and Tata Communications as its peers. As shown in Chart 1, the firm's EBITA has been fairly resilient, allowing for interest coverage (EBITDA to Interest Expense) to remain at a fairly reasonable 2.62x (as of end-Dec 15), suggesting that the company is well-positioned to continue servicing debt obligations.